{"id":4510,"date":"2022-12-20T18:08:52","date_gmt":"2022-12-20T21:08:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lode.uno\/linux-man\/index.php\/2022\/12\/20\/shorewallproviders-man5\/"},"modified":"2022-12-20T18:08:52","modified_gmt":"2022-12-20T21:08:52","slug":"shorewallproviders-man5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lode.uno\/linux-man\/2022\/12\/20\/shorewallproviders-man5\/","title":{"rendered":"SHOREWALL−PROVIDERS (man5)"},"content":{"rendered":"

SHOREWALL\u2212PROVIDERS<\/h1>\n

NAME<\/a>
SYNOPSIS<\/a>
DESCRIPTION<\/a>
EXAMPLES<\/a>
FILES<\/a>
SEE ALSO<\/a>
NOTES<\/a> <\/p>\n

\n

NAME <\/a> <\/h2>\n

providers \u2212 Shorewall Providers file<\/p>\n

SYNOPSIS <\/a> <\/h2>\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\n

\/etc\/shorewall\/providers<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

DESCRIPTION <\/a> <\/h2>\n

This file is used to define additional routing tables. You will want to define an additional table if:<\/p>\n

\u2022 You have connections to more than one ISP or multiple connections to the same ISP<\/p>\n

\u2022 You run Squid as a transparent proxy on a host other than the firewall.<\/p>\n

\u2022 You have other requirements for policy routing.<\/p>\n

Each entry in the file defines a single routing table.<\/p>\n

If you wish to omit a column entry but want to include an entry in the next column, use “\u2212” for the omitted entry.<\/p>\n

The columns in the file are as follows.<\/p>\n

NAME<\/b> \u2212 name<\/i><\/p>\n

The provider name<\/i>. Must be a valid shell variable name. The names ‘local’, ‘main’, ‘default’ and ‘unspec’ are reserved and may not be used as provider names.<\/p>\n

NUMBER<\/b> \u2212 number<\/i><\/p>\n

The provider number \u2212\u2212 a number between 1 and 15. Each provider must be assigned a unique value.<\/p>\n

MARK<\/b> (Optional) \u2212 value<\/i><\/p>\n

A FWMARK value<\/i> used in your shorewall\u2212mangle(5)<\/font><\/b> [1]<\/font><\/small> file to direct packets to this provider.<\/font><\/p>\n

If PROVIDER_OFFSET is non\u2212zero in<\/font> shorewall.conf(5)<\/font><\/b> [2]<\/font><\/small> , then the value must be a multiple of 2^^PROVIDER_OFFSET. In all cases, the number of significant bits may not exceed PROVIDER_OFFSET + PROVIDER_BITS.<\/font><\/p>\n

DUPLICATE<\/b> \u2212 routing\u2212table\u2212name<\/i><\/font><\/p>\n

The name of an existing table to duplicate to create this routing table. May be main<\/b> or the name of a previously listed provider. You may select only certain entries from the table to copy by using the COPY column below. This column should contain a dash (“\u2212’) when USE_DEFAULT_RT=Yes in<\/font> shorewall.conf(5)<\/font><\/b> [2]<\/font><\/small> .<\/font><\/p>\n

INTERFACE<\/b> \u2212 interface<\/i>[:address<\/i>]<\/font><\/p>\n

The name of the network interface to the provider. Must be listed in<\/font> shorewall\u2212interfaces(5)<\/font><\/b> [3]<\/font><\/small> . In general, that interface should not have the proxyarp<\/b> or proxyndp<\/b> option specified unless loose<\/b> is given in the OPTIONS column of this entry.<\/font><\/p>\n

Important<\/big><\/b>
For IPv6, if the interface is an Ethernet device and an IP address is supplied, it should be the upstream router’s link\u2212level address, not its global address.<\/font><\/p>\n

Where more than one provider is serviced through a single interface, the interface<\/i> must be followed by a colon and the IP address<\/i> of the interface that is supplied by the associated provider.<\/font><\/p>\n

GATEWAY<\/big><\/b> \u2212 {\u2212<\/b>|address<\/i>[,mac<\/i>]|detect|none<\/b>}<\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

The IP address of the provider’s gateway router. Beginning with Shorewall 4.6.2, you may also specify the MAC address of the gateway when there are multiple providers serviced through the same interface. When the MAC is not specified, Shorewall will detect the MAC during firewall start or restart.<\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

You can enter detect<\/b> here and Shorewall will attempt to detect the gateway automatically.<\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

Beginning with Shorewall 5.0.6, you may also enter none<\/b>. This causes creation of a routing table with no default route in it.<\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

For PPP devices, you may omit this column.<\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

OPTIONS<\/b> (Optional) \u2212 [\u2212<\/b>|option<\/i>[,<\/b>option<\/i>]…]<\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

A comma\u2212separated list selected from the following. The order of the options is not significant but the list may contain no embedded white\u2212space.<\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

autosrc<\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

Added in Shorewall 4.5.17. Causes a host route to the provider’s gateway router to be added to the provider’s routing table. This is the default behavior unless overridden by a following noautosrc<\/b> option.<\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

track<\/b><\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

If specified, inbound connections on this interface are to be tracked so that responses may be routed back out this same interface.<\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

You want to specify track<\/b> if internet hosts will be connecting to local servers through this provider.<\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.3, track<\/b> defaults to the setting of the TRACK_PROVIDERS option in<\/big><\/font> shorewall.conf<\/font><\/b><\/big> [2] (5). If you set TRACK_PROVIDERS=Yes and want to override that setting for an individual provider, then specify notrack<\/b> (see below).<\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

balance[=<\/b>weight<\/i>]<\/b><\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

The providers that have balance<\/b> specified will get outbound traffic load\u2212balanced among them. By default, all interfaces with balance<\/b> specified will have the same weight (1). You can change the weight of an interface by specifying balance=<\/b>weight<\/i> where weight<\/i> is the weight of the route out of this interface.<\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

Prior to Shorewall 5.1.1, when USE_DEFAULT_RT=Yes, balance=1<\/b> is assumed unless the fallback<\/b>, loose<\/b>, load<\/b> or tproxy<\/b> option is specified. Beginning with Shorewall 5.1.1, when BALANCE_PROVIDERS=Yes, balance=1<\/b> is assumed unless the fallback<\/b>, loose<\/b>, load<\/b> or tproxy<\/b> option is specified.I<\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

Caution<\/big><\/b>
In IPV6, the balance<\/b> option does not cause balanced default routes to be created; it rather causes a sequence of default routes with different metrics to be created.<\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

loose<\/big><\/b><\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

Shorewall normally adds a routing rule for each IP address on an interface which forces traffic whose source is that IP address to be sent using the routing table for that interface. Setting loose<\/b> prevents creation of such rules on this interface.<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

load=<\/b>probability<\/i><\/big><\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

Added in Shorewall 4.6.0. This option provides an alternative method of load balancing based on probabilities. Providers to be balanced are given a probability<\/i> (a number 0 > n >= 1) with up to 8 digits to the right of the decimal point. Beginning with Shorewall 4.6.10, a warning is issued if the sum of the probabilities is not 1.00000000.<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

noautosrc<\/b><\/big><\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

Added in Shorewall 4.5.17. Prevents the addition of a host route to the provider’s gateway router from being added to the provider’s routing table. This option must be used with caution as it can cause start and restart failures.<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

notrack<\/b><\/big><\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

Added in Shorewall 4.4.3. When specified, turns off track<\/b>.<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

optional (deprecated for use with providers that do not share an interface)<\/b><\/big><\/big><\/font><\/p>\n

If the interface named in the INTERFACE column is not up and configured with an IPv4 address then ignore this provider. If not specified, the value of the optional<\/b> option for the INTERFACE in<\/big><\/big><\/font> shorewall\u2212interfaces(5)<\/font><\/b><\/big> [3] is assumed. Use of that option is preferred to this one, unless an address<\/i> is provider in the INTERFACE column.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/p>\n

primary<\/b><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/p>\n

Added in Shorewall 4.6.6, primary<\/b> is equivalent to balance=1<\/b> and is preferred when the remaining providers specify fallback<\/b> or tproxy<\/b>.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/p>\n

src=<\/b>source\u2212address<\/i><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/p>\n

Specifies the source address to use when routing to this provider and none is known (the local client has bound to the 0 address). May not be specified when an address<\/i> is given in the INTERFACE column. If this option is not used, Shorewall substitutes the primary IP address on the interface named in the INTERFACE column.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/p>\n

mtu=<\/b>number<\/i><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/p>\n

Specifies the MTU when forwarding through this provider. If not given, the MTU of the interface named in the INTERFACE column is assumed.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/p>\n

fallback[=<\/b>weight<\/i>]<\/b><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/p>\n

Indicates that a default route through the provider should be added to the default routing table (table 253). If a weight<\/i> is given, a balanced route is added with the weight of this provider equal to the specified weight<\/i>. If the option is given without a weight<\/i>, a separate default route is added through the provider’s gateway; the route has a metric equal to the provider’s NUMBER.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/p>\n

Prior to Shorewall 4.4.24, the option is ignored with a warning message if USE_DEFAULT_RT=Yes in shorewall.conf.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/p>\n

Caution<\/big><\/b>
In IPV6, specifying the fallback<\/b> option on multiple providers does not cause balanced fallback routes to be created; it rather causes a sequence of fallback routes with different metrics to be created.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/p>\n

tproxy<\/big><\/b><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/p>\n

Added in Shorewall 4.5.4. Used for supporting the TPROXY action in shorewall\u2212mangle(5). See<\/big><\/big><\/font> https:\/\/shorewall.org\/Shorewall_Squid_Usage.html<\/font><\/b><\/big> [4] . When specified, the MARK, DUPLICATE and GATEWAY columns should be empty, INTERFACE should be set to ‘lo’ and tproxy<\/b> should be the only OPTION. Only one tproxy<\/b> provider is allowed.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

hostroute<\/b><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

Added in Shorewall 4.5.21. This is the default behavior that results in a host route to the defined GATEWAY<\/b> being inserted into the main routing table and into the provider’s routing table. hostroute<\/b> is required for older distributions but nohostroute<\/b> (below) is appropriate for recent distributions. hostroute<\/b> may interfere with Zebra’s ability to add routes on some distributions such as Debian 7. This option defaults to on when BALANCE_PROVIDERS=Yes, in<\/big><\/font> shorewall.conf(5)<\/font><\/b><\/big> [2] .<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

nohostroute<\/b><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

Added in Shorewall 4.5.21. nohostroute inhibits addition of a host route to the defined GATEWAY<\/b> being inserted into the main routing table and into the provider’s routing table. nohostroute<\/b> is not appropriate for older distributions but is appropriate for recent distributions. nohostroute<\/b> allows Zebra’s to correctly add routes on some distributions such as Debian 7. This option defaults to off when BALANCE_PROVIDERS=Yes, in<\/big><\/font> shorewall.conf(5)<\/font><\/b><\/big> [2] .<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

persistent<\/b><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

Added in Shorewall 5.0.2 and alters the behavior of the disable<\/b> command:<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

\u2022 The provider’s routing table still contains the apprioriate default route.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

\u2022 Unless the noautosrc<\/b> option is specified, routing rules are generated to route traffic from the interfaces address(es) out of the provider’s routing table.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

\u2022 Persistent routing rules in<\/big><\/font> shorewall\u2212rtrules(5)<\/font><\/b><\/big> [5] are present.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

Note<\/big><\/b>
The generated script will attempt to reenable a disabled persistent provider during execution of the start<\/b>, restart<\/b> and reload<\/b> commands. When persistent<\/b> is not specified, only the enable<\/b> and reenable<\/b> commands can reenable the provider.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

Important<\/big><\/b>
RESTORE_DEFAULT_ROUTE=Yes in shorewall[6].conf is not recommended when the persistent<\/b> option is used, as restoring default routes to the main routing table can prevent link status monitors such as foolsm from correctly detecting non\u2212working providers.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

COPY<\/big><\/b> \u2212 [{none<\/b>|interface<\/i>[,<\/b>interface<\/i>]…}]<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

A comma\u2212separated list of other interfaces on your firewall. Wildcards specified using an asterisk (“*”) are permitted (e.g., tun* ). Usually used only when DUPLICATE is main<\/b>. Only copy routes through INTERFACE and through interfaces listed here. If you only wish to copy routes through INTERFACE, enter none<\/b> in this column.<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.17, blackhole, unreachable and prohibit routes are no longer copied by default but may be copied by including blackhole<\/b>,unreachable<\/b> and prohibit<\/b> respectively in the COPY list.<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

EXAMPLES <\/a> <\/h2>\n

IPv4 Example 1:<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

You run squid in your DMZ on IP address 192.168.2.99. Your DMZ interface is eth2<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

#NAME NUMBER MARK DUPLICATE INTERFACE GATEWAY OPTIONS
Squid 1 1 \u2212 eth2 192.168.2.99 \u2212<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

IPv4 Example 2:<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

eth0 connects to ISP 1. The IP address of eth0 is 206.124.146.176 and the ISP’s gateway router has IP address 206.124.146.254.<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

eth1 connects to ISP 2. The IP address of eth1 is 130.252.99.27 and the ISP’s gateway router has IP address 130.252.99.254.<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

eth2 connects to a local network.<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

#NAME NUMBER MARK DUPLICATE INTERFACE GATEWAY OPTIONS COPY
ISP1 1 1 main eth0 206.124.146.254 track,balance eth2
ISP2 2 2 main eth1 130.252.99.254 track,balance eth2<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

IPv6 Example 1:<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

You run squid in your DMZ on IP address 2002:ce7c:92b4:1::2. Your DMZ interface is eth2<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

#NAME NUMBER MARK DUPLICATE INTERFACE GATEWAY OPTIONS
Squid 1 1 \u2212 eth2 2002:ce7c:92b4:1::2 \u2212<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

IPv6 Example 2:<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

eth0 connects to ISP 1. The ISP’s gateway router has IP address 2001:ce7c:92b4:1::2.<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

eth1 connects to ISP 2. The ISP’s gateway router has IP address 2001:d64c:83c9:12::8b.<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

eth2 connects to a local network.<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

#NAME NUMBER MARK DUPLICATE INTERFACE GATEWAY OPTIONS COPY
ISP1 1 1 main eth0 2001:ce7c:92b4:1::2 track eth2
ISP2 2 2 main eth1 2001:d64c:83c9:12::8b track eth2<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

FILES <\/a> <\/h2>\n

\/etc\/shorewall\/providers<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

\/etc\/shorewall6\/providers<\/big><\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

SEE ALSO <\/a> <\/h2>\n

https:\/\/shorewall.org\/MultiISP.html<\/font><\/b><\/big> [6]<\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

https:\/\/shorewall.org\/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs<\/font><\/big><\/b> [7]<\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

shorewall(8)<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

NOTES <\/a> <\/h2>\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\n

1.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n

shorewall-mangle(5)<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

https:\/\/shorewall.org\/manpages\/shorewall-mangle.html<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\n

2.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n

shorewall.conf(5)<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

https:\/\/shorewall.org\/manpages\/shorewall.conf.html<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\n

3.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n

shorewall-interfaces(5)<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

https:\/\/shorewall.org\/manpages\/shorewall-interfaces.html<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\n

4.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n

https:\/\/shorewall.org\/Shorewall_Squid_Usage.html<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

https:\/\/shorewall.org\/Shorewall_Squid_Usage.html<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\n

5.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n

shorewall-rtrules(5)<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

https:\/\/shorewall.org\/manpages\/shorewall-rtrules.html<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\n

6.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n

https:\/\/shorewall.org\/MultiISP.html<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

https:\/\/shorewall.org\/MultiISP.html<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\n

7.<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n\n

https:\/\/shorewall.org\/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

https:\/\/shorewall.org\/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs<\/big><\/font><\/big><\/big><\/big><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

providers \u2212 Shorewall Providers file <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[959],"tags":[961,1291,1477],"class_list":["post-4510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-5-formatos-de-ficheros","tag-961","tag-man5","tag-shorewall-providers"],"gutentor_comment":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lode.uno\/linux-man\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lode.uno\/linux-man\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lode.uno\/linux-man\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lode.uno\/linux-man\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lode.uno\/linux-man\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4510"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lode.uno\/linux-man\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4510\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lode.uno\/linux-man\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lode.uno\/linux-man\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lode.uno\/linux-man\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}