| <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n FG\u00a0<\/b>[title<\/i> [override<\/i> [flag<\/i> [refname<\/i>]]]]<\/p>\n Figure title. The arguments are the same as for EC<\/b>. FG<\/b> uses the number register Fg<\/b> as a counter. The string Lf<\/b> controls the title of the List of Figures; default is \u2018LIST OF FIGURES\u2019. The List of Figures is only printed if number register Lf<\/b> is\u00a01, which is the default. The string Lifg<\/b> contains the word \u2018Figure\u2019, which is printed before the number. If refname<\/i> is used, then the figure number is saved with .SETR<\/b>, and can be retrieved with \u2018.GETST<\/b> refname<\/i>\u2019.<\/p>\n Special handling of the title occurs if FG<\/b> is used inside DS<\/b>\/DE<\/b>, it is not affected by the format of DS<\/b>.<\/p>\n FS\u00a0<\/b>[label<\/i>]<\/p>\n Footnote start. The footnote is ended by FE<\/b>. By default, footnotes are automatically numbered; the number is available in string\u00a0F<\/b>. Just add *F<\/b> in the text. By adding label<\/i>, it is possible to have other number or names on the footnotes. Footnotes in displays are now possible. An empty line separates footnotes; the height of the line is controlled by number register Fs<\/b>, default value is\u00a01.<\/p>\n GETHN\u00a0<\/b>refname<\/i> [varname<\/i>]<\/p>\n Include the header number where the corresponding \u2018SETR<\/b> refname<\/i>\u2019 was placed. This is displayed as \u2018X.X.X.\u2019 in pass\u00a01. See INITR<\/b>. If varname<\/i> is used, GETHN<\/b> sets the string variable varname<\/i> to the header number.<\/p>\n GETPN\u00a0<\/b>refname<\/i> [varname<\/i>]<\/p>\n Include the page number where the corresponding \u2018SETR<\/b> refname<\/i>\u2019 was placed. This is displayed as \u20189999\u2019 in pass\u00a01. See INITR<\/b>. If varname<\/i> is used, GETPN<\/b> sets the stringvariable varname<\/i> to the page number.<\/p>\n GETR\u00a0<\/b>refname<\/i><\/p>\n Combine GETHN<\/b> and GETPN<\/b> with the text \u2018chapter\u2019 and \u2018,\u00a0page\u2019. The string Qrf<\/b> contains the text for the cross reference:<\/p>\n .ds Qrf See chapter \\*[Qrfh], page \\*[Qrfp].<\/p>\n Qrf<\/b> may be changed to support other languages. Strings Qrfh<\/b> and Qrfp<\/b> are set by GETR<\/b> and contain the page and header number, respectively.<\/p>\n GETST\u00a0<\/b>refname<\/i> [varname<\/i>]<\/p>\n Include the string saved with the second argument to .SETR<\/b>. This is a dummy string in pass\u00a01. If varname<\/i> is used, GETST<\/b> sets it to the saved string. See INITR<\/b>.<\/p>\n H\u00a0<\/b>level<\/i> [heading-text<\/i> [heading-suffix<\/i>]]<\/p>\n Numbered section heading. Section headers can have a level between 1 and 14; level\u00a01 is the top level. The text is given in heading-text<\/i>, and must be surrounded by double quotes if it contains spaces. heading-suffix<\/i> is added to the header in the text but not in the table of contents. This is normally used for footnote marks and similar things. Don\u2019t use *F<\/b> in heading-suffix<\/i>, it doesn\u2019t work. A manual label must be used, see FS<\/b>.<\/p>\n A call to the paragraph macro\u00a0P<\/b> directly after\u00a0H<\/b> is ignored. H\u00a0<\/b>takes care of spacing and indentation.<\/p>\n Page ejection before heading<\/b><\/p>\n Number register Ej<\/b> controls page ejection before the heading. By default, a level-one heading gets two blank lines before it; higher levels only get one. A new page is ejected before each first-level heading if number register Ej<\/b> is\u00a01. All levels below or equal the value of Ej<\/b> get a new page. Default value for Ej<\/b> is\u00a00.<\/p>\n Heading break level<\/b><\/p>\n A line break occurs after the heading if the heading level is less or equal to number register Hb<\/b>. Default value is\u00a02.<\/p>\n Heading space level<\/b><\/p>\n A blank line is inserted after the heading if the heading level is less or equal to number register Hs<\/b>. Default value is\u00a02.<\/p>\n Text follows the heading on the same line if the level is greater than both Hb<\/b> and Hs<\/b>.<\/p>\n Post-heading indent<\/b><\/p>\n Indentation of the text after the heading is controlled by number register Hi<\/b>. Default value is\u00a00.<\/p>\n Hi<\/b><\/p>\n ![\"Image](\"grohtml-9152811.png\") <\/b><\/p>\n
Centered section headings<\/b><\/p>\n All headings whose level is equal or below number register Hc<\/b> and also less than or equal to Hb<\/b> or Hs<\/b> are centered.<\/p>\n Font control of the heading<\/b><\/p>\n The font of each heading level is controlled by string HF<\/b>. It contains a font number or font name for each level. Default value is<\/p>\n 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2<\/b><\/p>\n (all headings in italic). This could also be written as<\/p>\n I I I I I I I I I I I I I I<\/b><\/p>\n Note that some other implementations use 3\u00a03\u00a02\u00a02\u00a02\u00a02\u00a02<\/b> as the default value. All omitted values are presumed to have value\u00a01.<\/p>\n Point size control<\/b><\/p>\n String HP<\/b> controls the point size of each heading, in the same way as HF<\/b> controls the font. A value of\u00a00 selects the default point size. Default value is<\/p>\n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0<\/b><\/p>\n Beware that only the point size changes, not the vertical size. The latter can be controlled by the user-specified macros HX<\/b> and\/or HZ<\/b>.<\/p>\n Heading counters<\/b><\/p>\n Fourteen number registers named H1<\/b> up to H14<\/b> contain the counter for each heading level. The values are printed using Arabic numerals; this can be changed with the macro HM<\/b> (see below). All marks are concatenated before printing. To avoid this, set number register Ht<\/b> to\u00a01. This only prints the current heading counter at each heading.<\/p>\n Automatic table of contents<\/b><\/p>\n All headings whose level is equal or below number register Cl<\/b> are saved to be printed in the table of contents. Default value is\u00a02.<\/p>\n Special control of the heading, user-defined macros<\/b><\/p>\n The following macros can be defined by the user to get a finer control of vertical spacing, fonts, or other features. Argument level<\/i> is the level-argument to\u00a0H<\/b>, but\u00a00 for unnumbered headings (see HU<\/b>). Argument rlevel<\/i> is the real level; it is set to number register Hu<\/b> for unnumbered headings. Argument heading-text<\/i> is the text argument to H<\/b> and HU<\/b>.
HX\u00a0<\/b>level rlevel heading-text<\/i><\/p>\n This macro is called just before the printing of the heading. The following registers are available for HX<\/b>. Note that HX<\/b> may alter }0<\/b>, }2<\/b>, and ;3<\/b>.
}0\u00a0<\/b>(string)<\/p>\n Contains the heading mark plus two spaces if rlevel<\/i> is non-zero, otherwise empty.<\/p>\n ;0\u00a0<\/b>(register)<\/p>\n Contains the position of the text after the heading. 0\u00a0means that the text should follow the heading on the same line, 1\u00a0means that a line break should occur before the text, and 2\u00a0means that a blank line should separate the heading and the text.<\/p>\n }2\u00a0<\/b>(string)<\/p>\n Contains two spaces if register ;0<\/b> is\u00a00. It is used to separate the heading from the text. The string is empty if ;0<\/b> is non-zero.<\/p>\n ;3\u00a0<\/b>(register)<\/p>\n Contains the needed space in units after the heading. Default is 2v. Can be used to change things like numbering (}0<\/b>), vertical spacing (}2<\/b>), and the needed space after the heading.<\/p>\n HY\u00a0<\/b>dlevel rlevel heading-text<\/i><\/p>\n This macro is called after size and font calculations and might be used to change indentation.<\/p>\n HZ\u00a0<\/b>dlevel rlevel heading-text<\/i><\/p>\n This macro is called after the printing of the heading, just before H<\/b> or HU<\/b> exits. Can be used to change the page header according to the section heading.<\/p>\n HC\u00a0<\/b>[hyphenation-character<\/i>]<\/p>\n Set hyphenation character. Default value is \u2018%\u2019. Resets to the default if called without argument. Hyphenation can be turned off by setting number register Hy<\/b> to\u00a00 at the beginning of the file.<\/p>\n HM\u00a0<\/b>[arg1<\/i> [arg2<\/i> [… [arg14<\/i>]]]]<\/p>\n Heading mark style. Controls the type of marking for printing of the heading counters. Default is\u00a01 for all levels.<\/p>\n Argument<\/b><\/p>\n ![\"Image](\"grohtml-9152812.png\") <\/b><\/p>\n
HU\u00a0<\/b>heading-text<\/i><\/p>\n Unnumbered section header. HU<\/b> behaves like H<\/b> at the level in number register Hu<\/b>. See\u00a0H<\/b>.<\/p>\n HX\u00a0<\/b>dlevel rlevel heading-text<\/i><\/p>\n User-defined heading exit. Called just before printing the header. See\u00a0H<\/b>.<\/p>\n HY\u00a0<\/b>dlevel rlevel heading-text<\/i><\/p>\n User-defined heading exit. Called just before printing the header. See\u00a0H<\/b>.<\/p>\n HZ\u00a0<\/b>dlevel rlevel heading-text<\/i><\/p>\n User-defined heading exit. Called just after printing the header. See\u00a0H<\/b>.<\/p>\n I\u00a0<\/b>[italic-text<\/i> [prev-font-text<\/i> [italic-text<\/i> […]]]]<\/p>\n Italic. Changes the font to italic if called without arguments. With one argument it sets the word in italic. With two arguments it concatenates them and sets the first word in italic and the second in the previous font. There is no limit on the number of argument; all are concatenated.<\/p>\n IA\u00a0<\/b>[addressee-name<\/i> [title<\/i>]]<\/p>\n Begin specification of the addressee and addressee\u2019s address in letter style. Several names can be specified with empty IA<\/b>\/IE<\/b>-pairs, but only one address. See LT<\/b>.<\/p>\n IB\u00a0<\/b>[italic-text<\/i> [bold-text<\/i> [italic-text<\/i> […]]]]<\/p>\n Italic-bold. Even arguments are printed in italic, odd in boldface. See\u00a0I<\/b>.<\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n IE<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n End the address specification after IA<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n INITI\u00a0<\/b>type filename<\/i> [macro<\/i>]<\/p>\n Initialize the new index system and set the filename to collect index lines in with IND<\/b>. Argument type<\/i> selects the type of index: page number, header marks or both. The default is page numbers.<\/p>\n It is also possible to create a macro that is responsible for formatting each row; just add the name of the macro as a third argument. The macro is then called with the index as argument(s).<\/p>\n type<\/b><\/p>\n ![\"Image](\"grohtml-9152813.png\") <\/b><\/p>\n
INITR\u00a0<\/b>filename<\/i><\/p>\n Initialize the cross reference macros. Cross references are written to stderr and are supposed to be redirected into file filename.qrf<\/i>. Requires two passes with groff; this is handled by a separate program called mmroff<\/b>(1). This program exists because groff<\/b>(1) by default deactivates the unsafe operations that are required by INITR<\/b>. The first pass looks for cross references, and the second one includes them. INITR<\/b> can be used several times, but it is only the first occurrence of INITR<\/b> that is active.<\/p>\n See also SETR<\/b>, GETPN<\/b>, and GETHN<\/b>.<\/p>\n IND\u00a0<\/b>arg1<\/i> [arg2<\/i> […]]<\/p>\n Write a line in the index file selected by INITI<\/b> with all arguments and the page number or header mark separated by tabs.<\/p>\n Examples<\/b><\/p>\n arg1tpage number
arg1targ2tpage number
arg1theader mark
arg1tpage numbertheader mark<\/p>\n \n\n| <\/td>\n | \n INDP<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Print the index by running the command specified by string variable Indcmd<\/b>, which has \u2018sort\u00a0\u2212tt\u2019 as the default value. INDP<\/b> reads the output from the command to form the index, by default in two columns (this can be changed by defining TYIND<\/b>). The index is printed with string variable Index<\/b> as header, default is \u2018INDEX\u2019. One-column processing is reactivated after the list. INDP<\/b> calls the user-defined macros TXIND<\/b>, TYIND<\/b>, and TZIND<\/b> if defined. TXIND<\/b> is called before printing the string \u2018INDEX\u2019, TYIND<\/b> is called instead of printing \u2018INDEX\u2019, and TZIND<\/b> is called after the printing and should take care of restoring to normal operation again.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n ISODATE<\/b> [0<\/b>]<\/p>\n Change the predefined date string in DT<\/b> to ISO-format, this is, \u2018YYYY-MM-DD\u2019. This can also be done by adding \u2212rIso=1<\/b> on the command line. Reverts to old date format if argument is\u00a00<\/b>.<\/p>\n IR\u00a0<\/b>[italic-text<\/i> [roman-text<\/i> [italic-text<\/i> […]]]]<\/p>\n Italic-roman. Even arguments are printed in italic, odd in roman. See\u00a0I<\/b>.<\/p>\n LB\u00a0<\/b>text-indent mark-indent pad type<\/i> [mark<\/i> [LI-space<\/i> [LB-space<\/i>]]]<\/p>\n List-begin macro. This is the common macro used for all lists. text-indent<\/i> is the number of spaces to indent the text from the current indentation.<\/p>\n pad<\/i> and mark-indent<\/i> control where to put the mark. The mark is placed within the mark area, and mark-indent<\/i> sets the number of spaces before this area. By default it is\u00a00. The mark area ends where the text begins. The start of the text is still controlled by text-indent<\/i>.<\/p>\n The mark is left-justified within the mark area if pad<\/i> is\u00a00. If pad<\/i> is greater than\u00a00, mark-indent<\/i> is ignored, and the mark is placed pad<\/i> spaces before the text. This right-justifies the mark.<\/p>\n If type<\/i> is\u00a00 the list either has a hanging indentation or, if argument mark<\/i> is given, the string mark<\/i> as a mark.<\/p>\n If type<\/i> is greater than\u00a00 automatic numbering occurs, using arabic numbers if mark<\/i> is empty. mark<\/i> can then be any of \u20181\u2019, \u2018A\u2019, \u2018a\u2019, \u2018I\u2019, or \u2018i\u2019.<\/p>\n type<\/i> selects one of six possible ways to display the mark.<\/p>\n type<\/b><\/p>\n ![\"Image](\"grohtml-9152814.png\") <\/b><\/p>\n
Every item in the list gets LI-space<\/i> number of blank lines before them. Default is\u00a01.<\/p>\n LB<\/b> itself prints LB-space<\/i> blank lines. Default is\u00a00.<\/p>\n LC\u00a0<\/b>[list-level<\/i>]<\/p>\n List-status clear. Terminates all current active lists down to list-level<\/i>, or\u00a00 if no argument is given. This is used by\u00a0H<\/b> to clear any active list.<\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n LE<\/b> [1<\/b>]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n List end. Terminates the current list. LE<\/b> outputs a blank line if an argument is given.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n LI\u00a0<\/b>[mark\u00a0<\/i>[1<\/b>|2<\/b>]]<\/p>\n List item preceding every item in a list. Without argument, LI<\/b> prints the mark determined by the current list type. By giving LI<\/b> one argument, it uses that as the mark instead. Two arguments to LI<\/b> makes mark<\/i> a prefix to the current mark. There is no separating space between the prefix and the mark if the second argument is \u20182\u2019 instead of \u20181\u2019. This behaviour can also be achieved by setting number register Limsp<\/b> to zero. A zero length mark<\/i> makes a hanging indentation instead.<\/p>\n A blank line is printed before the list item by default. This behaviour can be controlled by number register Ls<\/b>. Pre-spacing occurs for each list level less than or equal to Ls<\/b>. Default value is 99. There is no nesting limit.<\/p>\n The indentation can be changed through number register Li<\/b>. Default is\u00a06.<\/p>\n All lists begin with a list initialization macro, LB<\/b>. There are, however, seven predefined list types to make lists easier to use. They all call LB<\/b> with different default values.<\/p>\n ![\"Image](\"grohtml-9152815.png\") <\/p>\n
These lists are described at other places in this manual. See also LB<\/b>.<\/p>\n LT\u00a0<\/b>[arg<\/i>]<\/p>\n Format a letter in one of four different styles depending on the argument. Also see section \u201cInternals\u201d below.<\/p>\n ![\"Image](\"grohtml-9152816.png\") <\/p>\n
LO\u00a0<\/b>type<\/i> [arg<\/i>]<\/p>\n Specify options in letter (see .LT<\/b>). This is a list of the standard options:<\/p>\n ![\"Image](\"grohtml-9152817.png\") <\/p>\n
MC\u00a0<\/b>column-size<\/i> [column-separation<\/i>]<\/p>\n Begin multiple columns. Return to normal with 1C<\/b>. MC<\/b> creates as many columns as the current line length permits. column-size<\/i> is the width of each column, and column-separation<\/i> is the space between two columns. Default separation is column-size<\/i>\/15. See also 1C<\/b>.<\/p>\n ML\u00a0<\/b>mark<\/i> [text-indent\u00a0<\/i>[1<\/b>]]<\/p>\n Marked list start. The mark<\/i> argument is printed before each list item. text-indent<\/i> sets the indent and overrides Li<\/b>. A third argument prohibits printing of a blank line before each item.<\/p>\n MT\u00a0<\/b>[arg<\/i> [addressee<\/i>]]<\/p>\n Memorandum type. The argument arg<\/i> is part of a filename in \/usr\/share\/groff\/1.22.4\/tmac\/mm\/<\/i>*.MT<\/i>. Memorandum types 0 to\u00a05 are supported, including type \u2018string\u2019 (which gets internally mapped to type\u00a06). addressee<\/i> just sets a variable, used in the AT&T macros.<\/p>\n arg<\/b><\/p>\n ![\"Image](\"grohtml-9152818.png\") <\/b><\/p>\n
See also COVER<\/b>\/COVEND<\/b>, a more flexible type of front page.<\/p>\n MOVE\u00a0<\/b>y-pos<\/i> [x-pos<\/i> [line-length<\/i>]]<\/p>\n Move to a position, setting page offset to x-pos<\/i>. If line-length<\/i> is not given, the difference between current and new page offset is used. Use PGFORM<\/b> without arguments to return to normal.<\/p>\n MULB\u00a0<\/b>cw1 space1<\/i> [cw2 space2<\/i> [cw3<\/i> …]]<\/p>\n Begin a special multi-column mode. All columns widths must be specified. The space between the columns must be specified also. The last column does not need any space definition. MULB<\/b> starts a diversion, and MULE<\/b> ends the diversion and prints the columns. The unit for the width and space arguments is \u2018n\u2019, but MULB<\/b> accepts all normal unit specifications like \u2018c\u2019 and \u2018i\u2019. MULB<\/b> operates in a separate environment.<\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n MULN<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Begin the next column. This is the only way to switch the column.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n MULE<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n End the multi-column mode and print the columns.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n nP\u00a0<\/b>[type<\/i>]<\/p>\n Print numbered paragraph with header level two. See .P<\/b>.<\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n NCOL<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Force printing to the next column. Don\u2019t use this together with the MUL*<\/b> macros, see 2C<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n NS\u00a0<\/b>[arg\u00a0<\/i>[1<\/b>]]<\/p>\n Print different types of notations. The argument selects between the predefined type of notations. If the second argument is available, then the argument becomes the entire notation. If the argument doesn\u2019t select a predefined type, it is printed as \u2018Copy (arg<\/i>) to\u2019. It is possible to add more standard notations, see the string variables Letns<\/b> and Letnsdef<\/b>.<\/p>\n ![\"Image](\"grohtml-9152819.png\") <\/p>\n
ND\u00a0<\/b>new-date<\/i><\/p>\n New date. Overrides the current date. Date is not printed if new-date<\/i> is an empty string.<\/p>\n OF\u00a0<\/b>[arg<\/i>]<\/p>\n Odd-page footer, a line printed just above the normal footer. See EF<\/b> and PF<\/b>.<\/p>\n This macro defines string EOPof<\/b>.<\/p>\n OH\u00a0<\/b>[arg<\/i>]<\/p>\n Odd-page header, a line printed just below the normal header. See EH<\/b> and PH<\/b>.<\/p>\n This macro defines string TPoh<\/b>.<\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n OP<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Make sure that the following text is printed at the top of an odd-numbered page. Does not output an empty page if currently at the top of an odd page.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n P\u00a0<\/b>[type<\/i>]<\/p>\n Begin new paragraph. P\u00a0<\/b>without argument produces left\u2212justified text, even the first line of the paragraph. This is the same as setting type<\/i> to\u00a00. If the argument is\u00a01, the first line of text following\u00a0P<\/b> is indented by the number of spaces in number register Pi<\/b>, by default\u00a05.<\/p>\n Instead of giving an argument to\u00a0P<\/b> it is possible to set the paragraph type in number register Pt<\/b>. Using 0 and\u00a01 is the same as adding that value to P<\/b>. A value of\u00a02 indents all paragraphs, except after headings, lists, and displays (this value can\u2019t be used as an argument to P<\/b> itself).<\/p>\n The space between two paragraphs is controlled by number register Ps<\/b>, and is\u00a01 by default (one blank line).<\/p>\n PGFORM\u00a0<\/b>[linelength<\/i> [pagelength<\/i> [pageoffset\u00a0<\/i>[1<\/b>]]]]<\/p>\n Set line length, page length, and\/or page offset. This macro can be used for special formatting, like letter heads and other. It is normally the first command in a file, though it is not necessary. PGFORM<\/b> can be used without arguments to reset everything after a MOVE<\/b> call. A line break is done unless the fourth argument is given. This can be used to avoid the page number on the first page while setting new width and length. (It seems as if this macro sometimes doesn\u2019t work too well. Use the command-line arguments to change line length, page length, and page offset instead.)<\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n PGNH<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n No header is printed on the next page. Used to get rid of the header in letters or other special texts. This macro must be used before any text to inhibit the page header on the first page.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n PIC<\/b> [\u2212B<\/b>] [\u2212L<\/b>] [\u2212C<\/b>] [\u2212R<\/b>] [\u2212I\u00a0<\/b>n<\/i>] filename<\/i> [width<\/i> [height<\/i>]]<\/p>\n Include a PostScript file in the document. The macro depends on mmroff<\/b>(1) and INITR<\/b>. The arguments \u2212L<\/b>, \u2212C<\/b>, \u2212R<\/b>, and \u2212I\u00a0<\/b>n<\/i> adjust the picture or indent it. With no flag the picture is adjusted to the left. Adding \u2212B<\/b> draws a box around the picture. The optional width<\/i> and height<\/i> can also be given to resize the picture.<\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n PE<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Picture end. Ends a picture for pic<\/b>(1).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n PF\u00a0<\/b>[arg<\/i>]<\/p>\n Page footer. PF<\/b> sets the line to be printed at the bottom of each page. Empty by default. See PH<\/b> for the argument specification.<\/p>\n This macro defines string EOPf<\/b>.<\/p>\n PH\u00a0<\/b>[arg<\/i>]<\/p>\n Page header, a line printed at the top of each page. The argument should be specified as<\/p>\n “\u2019left-part<\/i>\u2019center-part<\/i>\u2019right-part<\/i>\u2019”<\/p>\n where left-part<\/i>, center-part<\/i>, and right-part<\/i> are printed left-justified, centered, and right justified, respectively. Within the argument to PH<\/b>, the character \u2018%\u2019 is changed to the current page number. The default argument is<\/p>\n “\u2019\u2019- % -\u2019\u2019”<\/p>\n which gives the page number between two dashes.<\/p>\n This macro defines string TPh<\/b>.<\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n PS<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Picture start (from pic). Begins a picture for pic<\/b>(1).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n PX<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Page header user-defined exit. This macro is called just after the printing of the page header in no-space<\/i> mode.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n R<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Roman. Return to roman font, see also\u00a0I<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n RB\u00a0<\/b>[roman-text<\/i> [bold-text<\/i> [roman-text<\/i> […]]]]<\/p>\n Roman-bold. Even arguments are printed in roman, odd in boldface. See\u00a0I<\/b>.<\/p>\n RD\u00a0<\/b>[prompt<\/i> [diversion<\/i> [string<\/i>]]]<\/p>\n Read from standard input to diversion and\/or string. The text is saved in a diversion named diversion<\/i>. Recall the text by writing the name of the diversion after a dot on an empty line. A string is also defined if string<\/i> is given. Diversion<\/i> and\/or prompt<\/i> can be empty (“”).<\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n RF<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Reference end. Ends a reference definition and returns to normal processing. See RS<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n RI\u00a0<\/b>[roman-text<\/i> [italic-text<\/i> [roman-text<\/i> […]]]]<\/p>\n Print even arguments in roman, odd in italic. See\u00a0I<\/b>.<\/p>\n RL\u00a0<\/b>[text-indent<\/i>[1<\/b>]]<\/p>\n Reference list start. Begins a list where each item is preceded with an automatically incremented number between square brackets. text-indent<\/i> changes the default indentation.<\/p>\n RP\u00a0<\/b>[arg1<\/i> [arg2<\/i>]]<\/p>\n Produce reference page. This macro can be used if a reference page is wanted somewhere in the document. It is not needed if TC<\/b> is used to produce a table of contents. The reference page is then printed automatically.<\/p>\n The reference counter is not reset if arg1<\/i> is\u00a01.<\/p>\n arg2<\/i> tells RP<\/b> whether to eject a page or not.<\/p>\n arg2<\/b><\/p>\n ![\"Image](\"grohtml-9152820.png\") <\/b><\/p>\n
The reference items are separated by a blank line. Setting number register Ls<\/b> to\u00a00 suppresses the line.<\/p>\n The string Rp<\/b> contains the reference page title and is set to \u2018REFERENCES\u2019 by default. The number register Rpe<\/b> holds the default value for the second argument of RP<\/b>; it is initially set to\u00a00.<\/p>\n RS\u00a0<\/b>[string-name<\/i>]<\/p>\n Begin an automatically numbered reference definition. Put the string *(Rf<\/b> where the reference mark should be and write the reference between RS<\/b>\/RF<\/b> at next new line after the reference mark. The reference number is stored in number register :R<\/b>. If string-name<\/i> is given, a string with that name is defined and contains the current reference mark. The string can be referenced as *[<\/b>string-name<\/i>]<\/b> later in the text.<\/p>\n S\u00a0<\/b>[size<\/i> [spacing<\/i>]]<\/p>\n Set point size and vertical spacing. If any argument is equal to \u2018P\u2019, the previous value is used. A \u2018C\u2019 means current value, and \u2018D\u2019 the default value. If \u2018+\u2019 or \u2018\u2212\u2019 is used before the value, the current value is incremented or decremented, respectively.<\/p>\n SA\u00a0<\/b>[arg<\/i>]<\/p>\n Set right-margin justification. Justification is turned on by default. No argument or value \u20180\u2019 turns off justification, and \u20181\u2019 turns on justification.<\/p>\n SETR\u00a0<\/b>refname<\/i> [string<\/i>]<\/p>\n Remember the current header and page number as refname<\/i>. Saves string<\/i> if string<\/i> is defined. string<\/i> is retrieved with .GETST<\/b>. See INITR<\/b>.<\/p>\n SG\u00a0<\/b>[arg\u00a0<\/i>[1<\/b>]]<\/p>\n Signature line. Prints the authors name(s) after the formal closing. The argument is appended to the reference data, printed at either the first or last author. The reference data is the location, department, and initials specified with .AU<\/b>. It is printed at the first author if the second argument is given, otherwise at the last. No reference data is printed if the author(s) is specified through .WA<\/b>\/.WE<\/b>. See section \u201cInternals\u201d below.<\/p>\n SK\u00a0<\/b>[pages<\/i>]<\/p>\n Skip pages. If pages<\/i> is\u00a00 or omitted, a skip to the next page occurs unless it is already at the top of a page. Otherwise it skips pages<\/i> pages.<\/p>\n SM\u00a0<\/b>string1<\/i> [string2<\/i> [string3<\/i>]]<\/p>\n Make a string smaller. If string2<\/i> is given, string1<\/i> is made smaller and string2<\/i> stays at normal size, concatenated with string1<\/i>. With three arguments, everything is concatenated, but only string2<\/i> is made smaller.<\/p>\n SP\u00a0<\/b>[lines<\/i>]<\/p>\n Space vertically. lines<\/i> can have any scaling factor, like \u20183i\u2019 or \u20188v\u2019. Several SP<\/b> calls in a line only produces the maximum number of lines, not the sum. SP<\/b> is ignored also until the first text line in a page. Add &<\/b> before a call to SP<\/b> to avoid this.<\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n TAB<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Reset tabs to every\u00a05n. Normally used to reset any previous tab positions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n TB\u00a0<\/b>[title<\/i> [override<\/i> [flag<\/i> [refname<\/i>]]]]<\/p>\n Table title. The arguments are the same as for EC<\/b>. TB<\/b> uses the number register Tb<\/b> as a counter. The string Lt<\/b> controls the title of the List of Tables; default value is \u2018LIST OF TABLES\u2019. The List of Tables is only printed if number register Lt<\/b> is\u00a01, which is the default. The string Litb<\/b> contains the word \u2018TABLE\u2019, which is printed before the number.<\/p>\n Special handling of the title occurs if TB<\/b> is used inside DS<\/b>\/DE<\/b>, it is not affected by the format of DS<\/b>.<\/p>\n TC\u00a0<\/b>[slevel<\/i> [spacing<\/i> [tlevel<\/i> [tab<\/i> [h1<\/i> [h2<\/i> [h3<\/i> [h4<\/i> [h5<\/i>]]]]]]]]]<\/p>\n Table of contents. This macro is normally used as the last line of the document. It generates a table of contents with headings up to the level controlled by number register Cl<\/b>. Note that Cl<\/b> controls the saving of headings, it has nothing to do with TC<\/b>. Headings with a level less than or equal to slevel<\/i> get spacing<\/i> number of lines before them. Headings with a level less than or equal to tlevel<\/i> have their page numbers right\u2212justified with dots or spaces separating the text and the page number. Spaces are used if tab<\/i> is greater than zero, dots otherwise. Other headings have the page number directly at the end of the heading text (ragged-right<\/i>).<\/p>\n The rest of the arguments is printed, centered, before the table of contents.<\/p>\n The user-defined macros TX<\/b> and TY<\/b> are used if TC<\/b> is called with at most four arguments. TX<\/b> is called before the printing of the string \u2018CONTENTS\u2019, and TY<\/b> is called instead of printing \u2018CONTENTS\u2019.<\/p>\n Equivalent macros can be defined for list of figures, tables, equations and exhibits by defining TX<\/b>xx<\/i> or TY<\/b>xx<\/i>, where xx<\/i> is \u2018Fg\u2019, \u2018TB\u2019, \u2018EC\u2019, or \u2018EX\u2019, respectively.<\/p>\n String Ci<\/b> can be set to control the indentations for each heading-level. It must be scaled, like<\/p>\n .ds Ci .25i .5i .75i 1i 1i<\/p>\n By default, the indentation is controlled by the maximum length of headings in each level.<\/p>\n The string variables Lifg<\/b>, Litb<\/b>, Liex<\/b>, Liec<\/b>, and Licon<\/b> contain \u2018Figure\u2019, \u2018TABLE\u2019, \u2018Exhibit\u2019, \u2018Equation\u2019, and \u2018CONTENTS\u2019, respectively. These can be redefined to other languages.<\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n TE<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Table end. See TS<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n TH<\/b> [N<\/b>]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Table header. See TS<\/b>. TH<\/b> ends the header of the table. This header is printed again if a page break occurs. Argument \u2018N\u2019 isn\u2019t implemented yet.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n TL\u00a0<\/b>[charging-case-number<\/i> [filing-case-number<\/i>]]<\/p>\n Begin title of memorandum. All text up to the next AU<\/b> is included in the title. charging-case-number<\/i> and filing-case-number<\/i> are saved for use in the front page processing.<\/p>\n TM\u00a0<\/b>[num1<\/i> [num2<\/i> […]]]<\/p>\n Technical memorandum numbers used in .MT<\/b>. An unlimited number of arguments may be given.<\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n TP<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Top-of-page user-defined macro. This macro is called instead of the normal page header. It is possible to get complete control over the header. Note that the header and the footer are printed in a separate environment. Line length is preserved, though. See EOP<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n strings available to TP<\/b><\/p>\n ![\"Image](\"grohtml-9152821.png\") <\/b><\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n TS<\/b> [H<\/b>]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Table start. This is the start of a table specification to tbl<\/b>(1). TS<\/b> ends with TE<\/b>. Argument \u2018H\u2019 tells mm<\/b> that the table has a header. See TH<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n TX<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n User-defined table of contents exit. This macro is called just before TC<\/b> prints the word \u2018CONTENTS\u2019. See TC<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n TY<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n User-defined table of contents exit. This macro is called instead of printing \u2018CONTENTS\u2019. See TC<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n VERBON\u00a0<\/b>[flag<\/i> [point-size<\/i> [font<\/i>]]]<\/p>\n Begin verbatim output using Courier font. Usually for printing programs. All characters have equal width. The point size can be changed with the second argument. By specifying a third argument it is possible to use another font instead of Courier. flag<\/i> controls several special features. Its value is the sum of all wanted features.<\/p>\n ![\"Image](\"grohtml-9152822.png\") <\/p>\n
VERBOFF<\/b><\/p>\n End verbatim output.<\/p>\n VL\u00a0<\/b>text-indent<\/i> [mark-indent\u00a0<\/i>[1<\/b>]]<\/p>\n Variable-item list. It has no fixed mark, it assumes that every LI<\/b> has a mark instead. text-indent<\/i> sets the indent to the text, and mark-indent<\/i> the distance from the current indentation to the mark. A third argument prohibits printing of a blank line before each item.<\/p>\n VM<\/b> [\u2212T<\/b>] [top<\/i> [bottom<\/i>]]<\/p>\n Vertical margin. Increase the top and bottom margin by top<\/i> and bottom<\/i>, respectively. If option \u2212T<\/b> is specified, set those margins to top<\/i> and bottom<\/i>. If no argument is given, reset the margin to zero, or to the default (\u20187v 5v\u2019) if \u2212T<\/b> is used. It is highly recommended that macros TP<\/b> and\/or EOP<\/b> are defined if using \u2212T<\/b> and setting top and\/or bottom margin to less than the default.<\/p>\n WA\u00a0<\/b>[writer-name<\/i> [title<\/i>]]<\/p>\n Begin specification of the writer and writer\u2019s address. Several names can be specified with empty WA<\/b>\/WE<\/b> pairs, but only one address.<\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n WE<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n End the address specification after .WA<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n WC\u00a0<\/b>[format1<\/i>] [format2<\/i>] […]<\/p>\n Footnote and display width control.<\/p>\n ![\"Image](\"grohtml-9152823.png\") <\/p>\n
Strings used in mm<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n App<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n A string containing the word \u2018APPENDIX\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Apptxt<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n The current appendix text.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n EM<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Em dash string<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n H1txt<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Updated by .H<\/b> and .HU<\/b> to the current heading text. Also updated in table of contents & friends.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n HF<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Font list for headings, \u20182 2 2 2 2 2 2\u2019 by default. Non-numeric font names may also be used.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n HP<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Point size list for headings. By default, this is \u20190 0 0 0 0 0 0\u2019 which is the same as \u201810 10 10 10 10 10 10\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Index<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the string \u2018INDEX\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Indcmd<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the index command. Default value is \u2018sort\u00a0\u2212tt\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Lifg<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n String containing \u2018Figure\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Litb<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n String containing \u2018TABLE\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Liex<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n String containing \u2018Exhibit\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Liec<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n String containing \u2018Equation\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Licon<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n String containing \u2018CONTENTS\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Lf<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the string \u2018LIST OF FIGURES\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Lt<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the string \u2018LIST OF TABLES\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Lx<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the string \u2018LIST OF EXHIBITS\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Le<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the string \u2018LIST OF EQUATIONS\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Letfc<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the string \u2018Yours very truly,\u2019, used in .FC<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n Letapp<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the string \u2018APPROVED:\u2019, used in .AV<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n Letdate<\/b><\/p>\n Contains the string \u2018Date\u2019, used in .AV<\/b>.<\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n LetCN<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the string \u2018CONFIDENTIAL\u2019, used in .LO CN<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n LetSA<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the string \u2018To Whom It May Concern:\u2019, used in .LO SA<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n LetAT<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the string \u2018ATTENTION:\u2019, used in .LO AT<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n LetSJ<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the string \u2018SUBJECT:\u2019, used in .LO SJ<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n LetRN<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the string \u2018In reference to:\u2019, used in .LO RN<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n Letns<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n is an array containing the different strings used in .NS<\/b>. It is really a number of string variables prefixed with Letns!<\/b>. If the argument doesn\u2019t exist, it is included between ()<\/b> with Letns!copy<\/b> as a prefix and Letns!to<\/b> as a suffix. Observe the space after \u2018Copy\u2019 and before \u2018to\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n ![\"Image](\"grohtml-9152824.png\") <\/p>\n
Letnsdef<\/b><\/p>\n Define the standard notation used when no argument is given to .NS<\/b>. Default is\u00a00.<\/p>\n MO1 \u2013 MO12<\/b><\/p>\n Strings containing the month names \u2018January\u2019 through \u2018December\u2019.<\/p>\n \n\n| <\/td>\n | \n Qrf<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n String containing \u2018See chapter \\*[Qrfh], page \\n[Qrfp].\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Rp<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the string \u2018REFERENCES\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Tcst<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the current status of the table of contents and list of figures, etc. Empty outside of .TC<\/b>. Useful in user-defined macros like .TP<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n ![\"Image](\"grohtml-9152825.png\") <\/p>\n
\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n Tm<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contains the string \u2018(tm\u2019, the trade mark symbol.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Verbnm<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Argument to .nm<\/b> in the .VERBON<\/b> command. Default is\u00a01.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n Number variables used in mm<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n Aph<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Print an appendix page for every new appendix if this number variable is non-zero. No output occurs if Aph<\/b> is zero, but there is always an appendix entry in the \u2018List of contents\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n Cl<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Contents level (in the range 0 to 14). The contents is saved if a heading level is lower than or equal to the value of Cl<\/b>. Default is\u00a02.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n Cp<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Eject page between list of table, list of figure, etc., if the value of Cp<\/b> is zero. Default is\u00a00.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n D<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Debug flag. Values greater than zero produce debug information of increasing verbosity. A value of\u00a01 gives information about the progress of formatting. Default is\u00a00.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n De<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n If set to\u00a01, eject after floating display is output. Default is\u00a00.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| <\/td>\n | \n Dsp<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n If defined, it controls the space output before and after static displays. Otherwise the value of Lsp<\/b> is used.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| <\/td>\n | \n Df<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Control floating keep output. This is a number in the range 0 to 5, with a default value of\u00a05. See .DF<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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