MAN

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man [man éé¡¹] [[ç« è] é¡µ …] …
man −k [apropos éé¡¹] æ£åè¡¨è¾¾å¼ …
man −K [man éé¡¹] [ç« è] å³é®è¯ …
man −f [whatis éé¡¹] é¡µ …
man −l [man éé¡¹] æä»¶ …
man −w|−W [man éé¡¹] page …

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å°èåç§°éå¸¸åæ¬ NAME, æ¦è¿°(SYNOPSIS), éç½®(CONFIGURATION), æè¿°(DESCRIPTION), éé¡¹(OPTIONS), éåºç¶æ(EXIT STATUS), è¿åå¼(RETURN VALUE), éè¯¯(ERRORS), ç¯å¢(ENVIRONMENT), æä»¶(FILES), çæ¬(VERSIONS), ç¬¦åæ å(CONFORMING TO), æ³¨(NOTES), ç¼ºé·(BUGS), ç¤ºä¾(EXAMPLE), ä½è(AUTHORS), å äº¦è§(SEE ALSO).

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man ls

æ¾ç¤º é¡¹ç® (ç¨åº) ls å¯¹åºçæåé¡µã

man man.7

æ¾ç¤ºç« è 7 ä¸å®å man å¯¹åºçæåé¡µãï¼è¿æ¯âman 7 manâçå¦ä¸ç§æ¼åæ¹æ³ãï¼

man ’man(7)’

man −a intro

man −t bash | lpr −Pps

Format the manual page for bash into the default troff or groff format and pipe it to the printer named ps. The default output for groff is usually PostScript. man −−help should advise as to which processor is bound to the −t option.

man −l −Tdvi ./foo.1x.gz > ./foo.1x.dvi

This command will decompress and format the nroff source manual page ./foo.1x.gz into a device independent (dvi) file. The redirection is necessary as the −T flag causes output to be directed to stdout with no pager. The output could be viewed with a program such as xdvi or further processed into PostScript using a program such as dvips.

man −k printf

å°å³é®è¯ printf ä½ä¸ºæ- £åè¡¨è¾¾å¼æ¥æç´¢å¯¹åºçæåé¡µæ¦è¿°åæåé¡µåç§°ï¼å¹¶æå°ææå¹éç»æãçæäº apropos printf.

man −f smail

æ¥æ¾ smail å¼ç¨çæåé¡µå¹¶è¾åºæ¾å°çæææ¦è¿°ãçæäº whatis smail.

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If set, various environment variables are interrogated to determine the operation of man. It is possible to set the “catch−all” variable $MANOPT to any string in command line format, with the exception that any spaces used as part of an option’s argument must be escaped (preceded by a backslash). man will parse $MANOPT prior to parsing its own command line. Those options requiring an argument will be overridden by the same options found on the command line. To reset all of the options set in $MANOPT, −D can be specified as the initial command line option. This will allow man to “forget” about the options specified in $MANOPT, although they must still have been valid.

Manual pages are normally stored in nroff(1) format under a directory such as /usr/share/man. In some installations, there may also be preformatted cat pages to improve performance. See manpath(5) for details of where these files are stored.

This package supports manual pages in multiple languages, controlled by your locale. If your system did not set this up for you automatically, then you may need to set $LC_MESSAGES, $LANG, or another system−dependent environment variable to indicate your preferred locale, usually specified in the POSIX format:

<è¯è¨>[_<å°åº>[.<åç¬¦é>[,<çæ¬>]]]

If you find that the translations supplied with this package are not available in your native language and you would like to supply them, please contact the maintainer who will be coordinating such activity.

é»è®¤å¼

The order of sections to search may be overridden by the environment variable $MANSECT or by the SECTION directive in /etc/man_db.conf. By default it is as follows:

1 1p 8 2 3 3p 3pm 4 5 6 7 9 0p n l p o 1x 2x 3x 4x 5x 6x 7x 8x

’” <åç¬¦ä¸²>

è¿æ»¤ç¨åºåä¸»æ ¼å¼åç¨åº(nroff æ [tg]roff −t) å°ç»ææ ¼å¼åæµæ°´çº¿å¹¶æ§è¡ãæèï¼å¦æ man æ æ ¹èç¹æå¯æ§è¡ç mandb_nfmt (æ mandb_tfmt −t) ç¨åºï¼å°è½¬èæ§è¡å®ãæåæºæä»¶ãé¢å¤çåç¬¦ä¸²ï¼ä»¥åå¯éçä»¥ −T æ −E æå®çè®¾å¤å°ä½ä¸ºåæ°ä¼ éç»å®ã

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Non−argument options that are duplicated either on the command line, in $MANOPT, or both, are not harmful. For options that require an argument, each duplication will override the previous argument value.

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−C æä»¶, −−config−file=æä»¶

ä½¿ç¨æ¤ç¨æ·éç½®æä»¶ä»£æ¿é»è®¤ç ~/.manpathã

−d, −−debug

æå°è°è¯ä¿¡æ¯ã

−D, −−default

−−warnings[=è¦å]

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−f, −−whatis

çåäº whatisãæ¾ç¤ºæ¥èªæåé¡µçå ç®çè¯´æ(è¥æ)ãè¯¦è§ whatis(1)ã

−k, −−apropos

çåäº aproposãæç´¢å³é®è¯å¯¹åºçæåæ¦è¿°å¹¶æ¾ç¤ºææå¹éç»æãè¯¦è§ aproposã

−K, −−global−apropos

−l, −−local−file

Activate “local” mode. Format and display local manual files instead of searching through the system’s manual collection. Each manual page argument will be interpreted as an nroff source file in the correct format. No cat file is produced. If ’−’ is listed as one of the arguments, input will be taken from stdin. When this option is not used, and man fails to find the page required, before displaying the error message, it attempts to act as if this option was supplied, using the name as a filename and looking for an exact match.

−w, −−where, −−path, −−location

Don’t actually display the manual page, but do print the location of the source nroff file that would be formatted. If the −a option is also used, then print the locations of all source files that match the search criteria.

−W, −−where−cat, −−location−cat

Don’t actually display the manual page, but do print the location of the preformatted cat file that would be displayed. If the −a option is also used, then print the locations of all preformatted cat files that match the search criteria.

If −w and −W are both used, then print both source file and cat file separated by a space. If all of −w, −W, and −a are used, then do this for each possible match.

−c, −−catman

−R ç¼ç , −−recode=ç¼ç

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−L åºå, −−locale=åºå

−m ç³»ç»[,…], −−systems=ç³»ç»[,…]

−M è·¯å¾, −−manpath=è·¯å¾

æå®è¦ä½¿ç¨çå¦ä¸ manpath è·¯å¾ãé»è®¤æåµä¸ man ä½¿ç¨ manpath å¾å°çä»£ç æ¥ç¡®å®æç´¢è·¯å¾ãæ¤éé¡¹ä¼è¦ç $SYSTEM ç¯å¢åéã

−S åè¡¨, −s åè¡¨, −−sections=åè¡¨

The given list is a colon− or comma−separated list of sections, used to determine which manual sections to search and in what order. This option overrides the $MANSECT environment variable. (The −s spelling is for compatibility with System V.)

−e sub−extension, −−extension=sub−extension

Some systems incorporate large packages of manual pages, such as those that accompany the Tcl package, into the main manual page hierarchy. To get around the problem of having two manual pages with the same name such as exit(3), the Tcl pages were usually all assigned to section l. As this is unfortunate, it is now possible to put the pages in the correct section, and to assign a specific “extension” to them, in this case, exit(3tcl). Under normal operation, man will display exit(3) in preference to exit(3tcl). To negotiate this situation and to avoid having to know which section the page you require resides in, it is now possible to give man a sub−extension string indicating which package the page must belong to. Using the above example, supplying the option −e tcl to man will restrict the search to pages having an extension of *tcl.

−i, −−ignore−case

æç´¢æåé¡µæ¶å¿½ç¥å¤§å°åãæ¤ä¸ºé»è®¤å¼ã

−I, −−match−case

æç´¢æåé¡µæ¶å¹éå¤§å°åã

−−regex

−−wildcard

æ¾ç¤ºååææè¿°çä»»ä½é¨åä¸ææä¾ç shell æ ¼å¼ééç¬¦ é¡µ åæ°å¹éçææé¡µé¢ï¼åä½¿ç¨ apropos(1) −−wildcard ä¸æ ·ãé¡µ åæ°å¿é¡»å¹éæ´ä¸ªååææè¿°ï¼æå¹éæè¿°ä¸- åè¯çè¾¹çãç±äºæç´¢ééç¬¦æ¶éå¸¸æ²¡åæ³éåºâæä½³âæåé¡µï¼æ¤éé¡¹éå«äº −a éé¡¹ã

−−names−only

å¦æä½¿ç¨äº −−regex æ −−wildcard éé¡¹ï¼ååªå¹éæåé¡µåèä¸å¹éæè¿°ï¼å°±åä½¿ç¨ whatis(1) ä¸æ ·ãå¦åä¸èµ·ä½ç¨ã

−a, −−all

−u, −−update

−−no−subpages

$ man −aw git diff
/usr/share/man/man1/git−diff.1.gz

è¦ç¦ç¨æ¤è¡ä¸ºï¼è¯·ä½¿ç¨ −−no−subpages éé¡¹ã

$ man −aw −−no−subpages git diff
/usr/share/man/man1/git.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man3/Git.3pm.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/diff.1.gz

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−P åé¡µç¨åº, −−pager=åé¡µç¨åº

æå®ä½¿ç¨åªä¸ªè¾åºåé¡µç¨åºãman é»è®¤ä½¿ç¨ lessï¼å¨æ æ³æ¾å° less æå®ä¸æ¯å¯æ§è¡æä»¶æ¶åä¼åéå°ä½¿ç¨ catãæ¤éé¡¹ä¼è¦ç $MANPAGER ç¯å¢åéï¼è¿ä¸æ¥è¦ç $PAGER ç¯å¢åéãå®ä¸å −f æ −k åç¨ã

−r æç¤º, −−prompt=æç¤º

Manual page name(sec) line x

Supplying −r with a string will override this default. The string may contain the text $MAN_PN which will be expanded to the name of the current manual page and its section name surrounded by “(” and “)”. The string used to produce the default could be expressed as

Manual page $MAN_PN ?ltline %lt?L/%L.:
byte %bB?s/%s..? (END):?pB %pB\%..
(press h for help or q to quit)

ä¸ºäºæ¹ä¾¿éè¯»ï¼è¿éåæäºä¸è¡ãåç¬¦ä¸²çå«ä¹è¯·åé less(1) æåé¡µãæç¤ºåç¬¦ä¸²å°é¦åç± shell è§£éãæç¤ºä¸- çææçåå¼å·ãåææ é½å¿é¡»å¨åé¢å ä¸ä¸ªåææ è½¬ä¹ãæç¤ºå- ç¬¦ä¸²å¯ä»¥è½¬ä¹ç $ ç»æï¼åé¢è¿å¯ä»¥è·å¶ä»ç less éé¡¹ãman é»è®¤è®¾ç½® −ix8 éé¡¹ã

−7, −−ascii

å½å¨7ä½ç¼ç çç»ç«¯æç»ç«¯æ¨¡æå¨ä¸æ¥ççº¯ ascii(7) æåé¡µæ¶ï¼è¥ä½¿ç¨ GNU nroff latin1(7) è®¾å¤æè¿°ï¼ä¸äºåç¬¦å¯è½æ¾ç¤ºä¸æ£ç¡®ãæ- ¤éé¡¹åè®¸çº¯ ascii æåé¡µä½¿ç¨ latin11 è®¾å¤ä»¥ ascii æ¾ç¤ºãå®ä¸ä¼è½¬æ¢ä»»ä½ latin1 ææ¬ãä»¥ä¸è¡¨æ ¼æ¾ç¤ºäºè¿è¡çè½¬æ¢ï¼å¶ä¸ä¸é¨åå¯è½åªæå¨ä½¿ç¨ GNU nroff ç latin1(7) è®¾å¤æ¶ææ£ç¡®æ¾ç¤ºã

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å¦æ latin1 åæ¾ç¤ºæ£ç¡®ï¼æ¨çç»ç«¯å¯è½ä½äº latin1 åç¬¦è®¾ç½®ï¼æ- ¤éé¡¹å°ä¸éè¦ãå¦æ latin1 å ascii åä¸æ ·ï¼é£ä¹æ¨æ£å¨ä½¿ç¨æ- ¤éé¡¹éè¯»æ¬æåé¡µï¼æ man æªä½¿ç¨ latin1 è®¾å¤æè¿°æ¥æ ¼å¼åæ- ¤é¡µãå¦æ latin1 åç¼ºæï¼æ¨å¯è½è¦ä½¿ç¨æ¤éé¡¹æ¥æ¥çæåé¡µã

å¨ä½¿ç¨ −t, −H, −T, æ −Z éé¡¹æ¶æ¤éé¡¹å¯è½å¯¹ GNU ç ä¹å¤ç nroff ç¨åºæ ç¨ã

−E ç¼ç , −−encoding=ç¼ç

çæå¯¹åºåç¬¦ç¼ç çè¾åºï¼èéé»è®¤ç¼ç ãä¸ºååå¼å®¹ï¼ç¼ç å¯ä»¥æ¯ nroff è®¾å¤ï¼å¦ asciiãlatin1 æ utf8ï¼ä¹å¯ä»¥æ¯å®éçåç¬¦ç¼ç å¦ UTF−8ã

−−no−hyphenation, −−nh

−−no−justification, −−nj

−p åç¬¦ä¸², −−preprocessor=åç¬¦ä¸²

æå® nroff æ troff/groff ä¹åè¿è¡çé¢å¤çå¨åºåãç³»ç»ä¸- å¯è½æªå®è£ææçé¢å¤çå¨ãä¸äºé¢å¤çå¨åå¶ä»£å·å¦ä¸ï¼eqn (e), grap (g), pic (p), tbl (t), vgrind (v), refer (r)ãæ¤éé¡¹è¦ç $MANROFFSEQ ç¯å¢åéãzsoelim æ»æ¯ä½ä¸ºç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªé¢å¤çå¨è¿è¡ã

−t, −−troff

ä½¿ç¨ %troff æ¥æ ¼å¼åæåé¡µå° stdoutãæ¤éé¡¹ä¸è¦æ±å −Hã−T æ −Z ä¸èµ·ä½¿ç¨ã

−T[è®¾å¤], −−troff−device[=è®¾å¤]

æ¤éé¡¹ç¨äºæ´æ¹ groff (ä¹å¯è½æ¯ troff) çè¾åºä»¥éåæä¸ªéé»è®¤è®¾å¤ãæ¤éé¡¹éå«äº −tã(Groff−1.17 æä¾ç)ä¾ååæ¬ dviãlatin1ãpsãutf8ãX75 å X100ã

−H[æµè§å¨], −−html[=æµè§å¨]

−X[dpi], −−gxditview[=dpi]

æ¤éé¡¹ä½¿ç¨ gxditview ç¨åºå¨ä¸ä¸ªå¾å½¢çªå£ä¸æ¾ç¤º groff çè¾åºç»æãdpi (ç¹/è±å¯¸)å¯ä»¥æ¯ 75ã75−12ã100 æ 100−12ï¼é»è®¤ä¸º 75ï¼−12 å½¢å¼ä½¿ç¨ 12 ç¹çåºç¡åå·ãæ¤éé¡¹éå«äºå¸¦ç¸åº X75ãX75−12ãX100 æ X100−12 åæ°ç −T éé¡¹ã

−Z, −−ditroff

groff ä¼è¿è¡ troff ç¶åä½¿ç¨åéçåå¤çå¨äº§çéåæéè®¾å¤çè¾åºãå¦æ %troff ä¸º groffï¼æ¤éé¡¹ä¼ä¼ éç» groff å¹¶ç¦æ¢ä½¿ç¨åå¤çå¨ãæ- ¤éé¡¹éå«äº −t éé¡¹ã

−−usage

−V, −−version

æ¾ç¤ºçæ¬ä¿¡æ¯ã

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	3		åè¿ç¨è¿åäºéé¶çéåºç¶æç ã
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MANPATH

MANROFFOPT

æ¯å½ man è°ç¨æ ¼å¼åå·¥å·æ¶ï¼nroffãtroff æ groffï¼ï¼å®å°æ $MANROFFOPT çåå®¹æ·»å è³æ ¼å¼åå·¥å·çå½ä»¤è¡åæ°ã

MANROFFSEQ

MANSECT

å¦æè®¾ç½®äº $MANSECTï¼å®çå¼(ä»¥åå·åéçç« èåè¡¨)ä¼ç¨äºç¡®å®æç´¢åªäºç« èåæç´¢é¡ºåºãé»è®¤å¼ä¸ºâ1 1p 8 2 3 3p 3pm 4 5 6 7 9 0p n l p o 1x 2x 3x 4x 5x 6x 7x 8xâï¼é¤éè¢« /etc/man_db.conf ä¸ç SECTION æä»¤è¦çã

MANPAGER, PAGER

å¦æè®¾ç½®äº $MANPAGER æ $PAGER (ä¼åä½¿ç¨ $MANPAGER)ï¼å®çå¼ä¼ç¨ä½æ¾ç¤ºæåé¡µçç¨åºçåç§°ãé»è®¤ä½¿ç¨ lessï¼å¦ææ æ³æ¾å° less æå®ä¸æ¯å¯æ§è¡æä»¶çè¯åä¼åéå°ä½¿ç¨ catã

MANLESS

å¦æè®¾ç½®äº $MANLESSï¼å®çå¼å°ç¨ä½ less åé¡µç¨åºçé»è®¤æç¤ºå- ç¬¦ä¸²ï¼å¦åä½ä¸º −r éé¡¹çåæ°ä¼ éä¸æ ·(å æ¤åºç°çä»»ä½ $MAN_PN ä¼ä»¥åæ ·çæ¹å¼å±å¼)ãä¾å¦ï¼å¦ææ¨æ³å°æç¤ºå- ç¬¦ä¸²æ æ¡ä»¶å°è®¾ç½®ä¸º“my prompt string”ï¼è¯·å° $MANLESS è®¾ç½®ä¸º ‘−Psmy prompt string’ãä½¿ç¨ −r éé¡¹ä¼è¦çæ¤ç¯å¢åéã

BROWSER

	SYSTEM		å¦æè®¾ç½®äº $SYSTEM ç¯å¢åéï¼å¶ææå°ä¸ −m éé¡¹çåæ°ç¸åã
	MANOPT		å¦æè®¾ç½®äº $MANOPTï¼å®ä¼åäº man çå½ä»¤è¡å¹¶åè®¾ä¸ºç±»ä¼¼çæ ¼å¼æ¥è§£æãç±äºææå¶ä»ç man ç¹å®ç¯å¢åéå¯ä»¥è¡¨è¾¾ä¸ºå½ä»¤è¡éé¡¹èå¯ä»¥åè¢«å«è¿ $MANOPTï¼å æ¤ è¿äºç¯å¢åéå¯è½åºå¼ãæ³¨æï¼ææåºå½è§£éä¸ºå½ä»¤è¡éé¡¹åæ°ä¸é¨åçç©ºæ ¼å¿é¡»è¢«è½¬ä¹ã

MANWIDTH

If $MANWIDTH is set, its value is used as the line length for which manual pages should be formatted. If it is not set, manual pages will be formatted with a line length appropriate to the current terminal (using the value of $COLUMNS, and ioctl(2) if available, or falling back to 80 characters if neither is available). Cat pages will only be saved when the default formatting can be used, that is when the terminal line length is between 66 and 80 characters.

MAN_KEEP_FORMATTING

MAN_KEEP_STDERR

LANG, LC_MESSAGES

åå³äºç³»ç»åå®ç°ï¼ç¨åºä¼æ¥è¯¢ $LANG å/æ $LC_MESSAGES è·ç¥å½åçæ¶æ¯åºåè¯è¨ãman ä¼ä»¥è¯¥åºåè¯è¨æ¾ç¤ºæ¶æ¯(è¥å¯ç¨)ãåé setlocale(3) äºè§£åç¡®çè¯¦æã

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/etc/man_db.conf

man−db éç½®æä»¶ã

/usr/share/man

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apropos(1), groff(1), less(1), manpath(1), nroff(1), troff(1), whatis(1), zsoelim(1), manpath(5), man(7), catman(8), mandb(8)

æäºåçææ¡£å¯è½ä»¥å¶å®æ ¼å¼æä¾ï¼å¦ info(1) æ HTMLã

åå²

1990, 1991 – åä½è John W. Eaton (jwe@che.utexas.edu)ã

1992å¹´12æ23æ¥: Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) åºç¨äº Willem Kasdorp (wkasdo@nikhefk.nikef.nl) æä¾ç bug è¡¥ä¸ã

BUGS

https://savannah.nongnu.org/bugs/?group=man-db

Etiquetas: 1, man, zh_CN

Páginas de manual de GNU/Linux

MAN (zh_CN)

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BUGS

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