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El Borrador
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Tuesday, April 6, 2021

Lenguaje y pensamiento en sociedades sin escritura


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La escritura constituye el paso de un medio de expresión auditivo a uno visual. Las formas de expresión y pensamiento de sociedades que no conocen la escritura tienen características particulares relacionadas con una mayor proximidad del sonido con la acción (frente al carácter estático o inmóvil de lo visual) y con la ausencia de apoyos textuales a la memoria.

Formas de expresión y pensamiento de las culturas orales:

  1. Acumulativas antes que subordinadas. No utilizan, en el grado en que lo hacen las culturas escritas, estructuras de organización jerárquicas a nivel de la frase.
  2. Acumulativas antes que analíticas. Los términos de la expresión no tienden a ser entidades simples, sino grupos de entidades. La tradición popular prefiere, antes que “el soldado”, “el valiente soldado”; antes que “la princesa”, “la hermosa princesa”; etcétera.
  3. Redundantes o copiosas. Al no ser posible, como en el texto escrito, volver sobre lo dicho, suele repetirse lo dicho más de una vez.
  4. Conservadoras y tradicionales. Debido al esfuerzo que implica la necesidad de memorizar los conocimientos, la experimentación intelectual que podría poner en duda lo conocido no es bien recibida.
  5. Cercanía al mundo humano vital. El conocimiento siempre se pone en relación con la experiencia.
  6. Matices agonísticos (de competición o enfrentamiento). La expresión, no alejada del mundo vital, sitúa al lenguaje en un contexto de lucha. La fanfarronería, las frases hirientes y los insultos recíprocos son frecuentes en la narrativa.
  7. Empáticas y participantes. Aprender es, para las culturas orales, identificarse con la comunidad, con los demás.
  8. Situacionales antes que abstractas. El marco de referencia del lenguaje suele ser situacional y operacional.

Para los alumnos de CENS. Clase presencial del 06/04/2021


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Admin


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